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# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org) # Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php # (c) 2005 Clark C. Evans # This module is part of the Python Paste Project and is released under # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php # This code was written with funding by http://prometheusresearch.com """ WSGI HTTP Server This is a minimalistic WSGI server using Python's built-in BaseHTTPServer; if pyOpenSSL is installed, it also provides SSL capabilities. """ # @@: add in protection against HTTP/1.0 clients who claim to # be 1.1 but do not send a Content-Length # @@: add support for chunked encoding, this is not a 1.1 server # till this is completed. import atexit import traceback import socket, sys, threading, urlparse, Queue, urllib import posixpath import time import thread import os from itertools import count from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer from SocketServer import ThreadingMixIn from paste.util import converters import logging try: from paste.util import killthread except ImportError: # Not available, probably no ctypes killthread = None __all__ = ['WSGIHandlerMixin', 'WSGIServer', 'WSGIHandler', 'serve'] __version__ = "0.5" class ContinueHook(object): """ When a client request includes a 'Expect: 100-continue' header, then it is the responsibility of the server to send 100 Continue when it is ready for the content body. This allows authentication, access levels, and other exceptions to be detected *before* bandwith is spent on the request body. This is a rfile wrapper that implements this functionality by sending 100 Continue to the client immediately after the user requests the content via a read() operation on the rfile stream. After this response is sent, it becomes a pass-through object. """ def __init__(self, rfile, write): self._ContinueFile_rfile = rfile self._ContinueFile_write = write for attr in ('close', 'closed', 'fileno', 'flush', 'mode', 'bufsize', 'softspace'): if hasattr(rfile, attr): setattr(self, attr, getattr(rfile, attr)) for attr in ('read', 'readline', 'readlines'): if hasattr(rfile, attr): setattr(self, attr, getattr(self, '_ContinueFile_' + attr)) def _ContinueFile_send(self): self._ContinueFile_write("HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n") rfile = self._ContinueFile_rfile for attr in ('read', 'readline', 'readlines'): if hasattr(rfile, attr): setattr(self, attr, getattr(rfile, attr)) def _ContinueFile_read(self, size=-1): self._ContinueFile_send() return self._ContinueFile_rfile.read(size) def _ContinueFile_readline(self, size=-1): self._ContinueFile_send() return self._ContinueFile_rfile.readline(size) def _ContinueFile_readlines(self, sizehint=0): self._ContinueFile_send() return self._ContinueFile_rfile.readlines(sizehint) class WSGIHandlerMixin: """ WSGI mix-in for HTTPRequestHandler This class is a mix-in to provide WSGI functionality to any HTTPRequestHandler derivative (as provided in Python's BaseHTTPServer). This assumes a ``wsgi_application`` handler on ``self.server``. """ lookup_addresses = True def log_request(self, *args, **kwargs): """ disable success request logging Logging transactions should not be part of a WSGI server, if you want logging; look at paste.translogger """ pass def log_message(self, *args, **kwargs): """ disable error message logging Logging transactions should not be part of a WSGI server, if you want logging; look at paste.translogger """ pass def version_string(self): """ behavior that BaseHTTPServer should have had """ if not self.sys_version: return self.server_version else: return self.server_version + ' ' + self.sys_version def wsgi_write_chunk(self, chunk): """ Write a chunk of the output stream; send headers if they have not already been sent. """ if not self.wsgi_headers_sent and not self.wsgi_curr_headers: raise RuntimeError( "Content returned before start_response called") if not self.wsgi_headers_sent: self.wsgi_headers_sent = True (status, headers) = self.wsgi_curr_headers code, message = status.split(" ", 1) self.send_response(int(code), message) # # HTTP/1.1 compliance; either send Content-Length or # signal that the connection is being closed. # send_close = True for (k, v) in headers: lk = k.lower() if 'content-length' == lk: send_close = False if 'connection' == lk: if 'close' == v.lower(): self.close_connection = 1 send_close = False self.send_header(k, v) if send_close: self.close_connection = 1 self.send_header('Connection', 'close') self.end_headers() self.wfile.write(chunk) def wsgi_start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None): if exc_info: try: if self.wsgi_headers_sent: raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2] else: # In this case, we're going to assume that the # higher-level code is currently handling the # issue and returning a resonable response. # self.log_error(repr(exc_info)) pass finally: exc_info = None elif self.wsgi_curr_headers: assert 0, "Attempt to set headers a second time w/o an exc_info" self.wsgi_curr_headers = (status, response_headers) return self.wsgi_write_chunk def wsgi_setup(self, environ=None): """ Setup the member variables used by this WSGI mixin, including the ``environ`` and status member variables. After the basic environment is created; the optional ``environ`` argument can be used to override any settings. """ (scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment) = urlparse.urlsplit(self.path) path = urllib.unquote(path) endslash = path.endswith('/') path = posixpath.normpath(path) if endslash and path != '/': # Put the slash back... path += '/' (server_name, server_port) = self.server.server_address[:2] rfile = self.rfile # We can put in the protection to keep from over-reading the # file try: content_length = int(self.headers.get('Content-Length', '0')) except ValueError: content_length = 0 if '100-continue' == self.headers.get('Expect','').lower(): rfile = LimitedLengthFile(ContinueHook(rfile, self.wfile.write), content_length) else: if not hasattr(self.connection, 'get_context'): # @@: LimitedLengthFile is currently broken in connection # with SSL (sporatic errors that are diffcult to trace, but # ones that go away when you don't use LimitedLengthFile) rfile = LimitedLengthFile(rfile, content_length) remote_address = self.client_address[0] self.wsgi_environ = { 'wsgi.version': (1,0) ,'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http' ,'wsgi.input': rfile ,'wsgi.errors': sys.stderr ,'wsgi.multithread': True ,'wsgi.multiprocess': False ,'wsgi.run_once': False # CGI variables required by PEP-333 ,'REQUEST_METHOD': self.command ,'SCRIPT_NAME': '' # application is root of server ,'PATH_INFO': path ,'QUERY_STRING': query ,'CONTENT_TYPE': self.headers.get('Content-Type', '') ,'CONTENT_LENGTH': self.headers.get('Content-Length', '0') ,'SERVER_NAME': server_name ,'SERVER_PORT': str(server_port) ,'SERVER_PROTOCOL': self.request_version # CGI not required by PEP-333 ,'REMOTE_ADDR': remote_address } if scheme: self.wsgi_environ['paste.httpserver.proxy.scheme'] = scheme if netloc: self.wsgi_environ['paste.httpserver.proxy.host'] = netloc if self.lookup_addresses: # @@: make lookup_addreses actually work, at this point # it has been address_string() is overriden down in # file and hence is a noop if remote_address.startswith("192.168.") \ or remote_address.startswith("10.") \ or remote_address.startswith("172.16."): pass else: address_string = None # self.address_string() if address_string: self.wsgi_environ['REMOTE_HOST'] = address_string if hasattr(self.server, 'thread_pool'): # Now that we know what the request was for, we should # tell the thread pool what its worker is working on self.server.thread_pool.worker_tracker[thread.get_ident()][1] = self.wsgi_environ self.wsgi_environ['paste.httpserver.thread_pool'] = self.server.thread_pool for k, v in self.headers.items(): key = 'HTTP_' + k.replace("-","_").upper() if key in ('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE','HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH'): continue self.wsgi_environ[key] = ','.join(self.headers.getheaders(k)) if hasattr(self.connection,'get_context'): self.wsgi_environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = 'https' # @@: extract other SSL parameters from pyOpenSSL at... # http://www.modssl.org/docs/2.8/ssl_reference.html#ToC25 if environ: assert isinstance(environ, dict) self.wsgi_environ.update(environ) if 'on' == environ.get('HTTPS'): self.wsgi_environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = 'https' self.wsgi_curr_headers = None self.wsgi_headers_sent = False def wsgi_connection_drop(self, exce, environ=None): """ Override this if you're interested in socket exceptions, such as when the user clicks 'Cancel' during a file download. """ pass def wsgi_execute(self, environ=None): """ Invoke the server's ``wsgi_application``. """ self.wsgi_setup(environ) try: result = self.server.wsgi_application(self.wsgi_environ, self.wsgi_start_response) try: for chunk in result: self.wsgi_write_chunk(chunk) if not self.wsgi_headers_sent: self.wsgi_write_chunk('') finally: if hasattr(result,'close'): result.close() result = None except socket.error, exce: self.wsgi_connection_drop(exce, environ) return except: if not self.wsgi_headers_sent: error_msg = "Internal Server Error\n" self.wsgi_curr_headers = ( '500 Internal Server Error', [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-length', str(len(error_msg)))]) self.wsgi_write_chunk("Internal Server Error\n") raise # # SSL Functionality # # This implementation was motivated by Sebastien Martini's SSL example # http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/442473 # try: from OpenSSL import SSL, tsafe SocketErrors = (socket.error, SSL.ZeroReturnError, SSL.SysCallError) except ImportError: # Do not require pyOpenSSL to be installed, but disable SSL # functionality in that case. SSL = None SocketErrors = (socket.error,) class SecureHTTPServer(HTTPServer): def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, ssl_context=None, request_queue_size=None): assert not ssl_context, "pyOpenSSL not installed" HTTPServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass) if request_queue_size: self.socket.listen(request_queue_size) else: class _ConnFixer(object): """ wraps a socket connection so it implements makefile """ def __init__(self, conn): self.__conn = conn def makefile(self, mode, bufsize): return socket._fileobject(self.__conn, mode, bufsize) def __getattr__(self, attrib): return getattr(self.__conn, attrib) class SecureHTTPServer(HTTPServer): """ Provides SSL server functionality on top of the BaseHTTPServer by overriding _private_ members of Python's standard distribution. The interface for this instance only changes by adding a an optional ssl_context attribute to the constructor: cntx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD) cntx.use_privatekey_file("host.pem") cntx.use_certificate_file("host.pem") """ def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, ssl_context=None, request_queue_size=None): # This overrides the implementation of __init__ in python's # SocketServer.TCPServer (which BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer # does not override, thankfully). HTTPServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass) self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, self.socket_type) self.ssl_context = ssl_context if ssl_context: class TSafeConnection(tsafe.Connection): def settimeout(self, *args): self._lock.acquire() try: return self._ssl_conn.settimeout(*args) finally: self._lock.release() def gettimeout(self): self._lock.acquire() try: return self._ssl_conn.gettimeout() finally: self._lock.release() self.socket = TSafeConnection(ssl_context, self.socket) self.server_bind() if request_queue_size: self.socket.listen(request_queue_size) self.server_activate() def get_request(self): # The default SSL request object does not seem to have a # ``makefile(mode, bufsize)`` method as expected by # Socketserver.StreamRequestHandler. (conn, info) = self.socket.accept() if self.ssl_context: conn = _ConnFixer(conn) return (conn, info) def _auto_ssl_context(): import OpenSSL, time, random pkey = OpenSSL.crypto.PKey() pkey.generate_key(OpenSSL.crypto.TYPE_RSA, 768) cert = OpenSSL.crypto.X509() cert.set_serial_number(random.randint(0, sys.maxint)) cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0) cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(60 * 60 * 24 * 365) cert.get_subject().CN = '*' cert.get_subject().O = 'Dummy Certificate' cert.get_issuer().CN = 'Untrusted Authority' cert.get_issuer().O = 'Self-Signed' cert.set_pubkey(pkey) cert.sign(pkey, 'md5') ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD) ctx.use_privatekey(pkey) ctx.use_certificate(cert) return ctx class WSGIHandler(WSGIHandlerMixin, BaseHTTPRequestHandler): """ A WSGI handler that overrides POST, GET and HEAD to delegate requests to the server's ``wsgi_application``. """ server_version = 'PasteWSGIServer/' + __version__ def handle_one_request(self): """Handle a single HTTP request. You normally don't need to override this method; see the class __doc__ string for information on how to handle specific HTTP commands such as GET and POST. """ self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline() if not self.raw_requestline: self.close_connection = 1 return if not self.parse_request(): # An error code has been sent, just exit return self.wsgi_execute() def handle(self): # don't bother logging disconnects while handling a request try: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle(self) except SocketErrors, exce: self.wsgi_connection_drop(exce) def address_string(self): """Return the client address formatted for logging. This is overridden so that no hostname lookup is done. """ return '' class LimitedLengthFile(object): def __init__(self, file, length): self.file = file self.length = length self._consumed = 0 if hasattr(self.file, 'seek'): self.seek = self._seek def __repr__(self): base_repr = repr(self.file) return base_repr[:-1] + ' length=%s>' % self.length def read(self, length=None): left = self.length - self._consumed if length is None: length = left else: length = min(length, left) # next two lines are hnecessary only if read(0) blocks if not left: return '' data = self.file.read(length) self._consumed += len(data) return data def readline(self, *args): max_read = self.length - self._consumed if len(args): max_read = min(args[0], max_read) data = self.file.readline(max_read) self._consumed += len(data) return data def readlines(self, hint=None): data = self.file.readlines(hint) for chunk in data: self._consumed += len(chunk) return data def __iter__(self): return self def next(self): if self.length - self._consumed <= 0: raise StopIteration return self.readline() ## Optional methods ## def _seek(self, place): self.file.seek(place) self._consumed = place def tell(self): if hasattr(self.file, 'tell'): return self.file.tell() else: return self._consumed class ThreadPool(object): """ Generic thread pool with a queue of callables to consume. Keeps a notion of the status of its worker threads: idle: worker thread with nothing to do busy: worker thread doing its job hung: worker thread that's been doing a job for too long dying: a hung thread that has been killed, but hasn't died quite yet. zombie: what was a worker thread that we've tried to kill but isn't dead yet. At any time you can call track_threads, to get a dictionary with these keys and lists of thread_ids that fall in that status. All keys will be present, even if they point to emty lists. hung threads are threads that have been busy more than hung_thread_limit seconds. Hung threads are killed when they live longer than kill_thread_limit seconds. A thread is then considered dying for dying_limit seconds, if it is still alive after that it is considered a zombie. When there are no idle workers and a request comes in, another worker *may* be spawned. If there are less than spawn_if_under threads in the busy state, another thread will be spawned. So if the limit is 5, and there are 4 hung threads and 6 busy threads, no thread will be spawned. When there are more than max_zombie_threads_before_die zombie threads, a SystemExit exception will be raised, stopping the server. Use 0 or None to never raise this exception. Zombie threads *should* get cleaned up, but killing threads is no necessarily reliable. This is turned off by default, since it is only a good idea if you've deployed the server with some process watching from above (something similar to daemontools or zdaemon). Each worker thread only processes ``max_requests`` tasks before it dies and replaces itself with a new worker thread. """ SHUTDOWN = object() def __init__( self, nworkers, name="ThreadPool", daemon=False, max_requests=100, # threads are killed after this many requests hung_thread_limit=30, # when a thread is marked "hung" kill_thread_limit=1800, # when you kill that hung thread dying_limit=300, # seconds that a kill should take to go into effect (longer than this and the thread is a "zombie") spawn_if_under=5, # spawn if there's too many hung threads max_zombie_threads_before_die=0, # when to give up on the process hung_check_period=100, # every 100 requests check for hung workers logger=None, # Place to log messages to error_email=None, # Person(s) to notify if serious problem occurs ): """ Create thread pool with `nworkers` worker threads. """ self.nworkers = nworkers self.max_requests = max_requests self.name = name self.queue = Queue.Queue() self.workers = [] self.daemon = daemon if logger is None: logger = logging.getLogger('paste.httpserver.ThreadPool') if isinstance(logger, basestring): logger = logging.getLogger(logger) self.logger = logger self.error_email = error_email self._worker_count = count() assert (not kill_thread_limit or kill_thread_limit >= hung_thread_limit), ( "kill_thread_limit (%s) should be higher than hung_thread_limit (%s)" % (kill_thread_limit, hung_thread_limit)) if not killthread: kill_thread_limit = 0 self.logger.info( "Cannot use kill_thread_limit as ctypes/killthread is not available") self.kill_thread_limit = kill_thread_limit self.dying_limit = dying_limit self.hung_thread_limit = hung_thread_limit assert spawn_if_under <= nworkers, ( "spawn_if_under (%s) should be less than nworkers (%s)" % (spawn_if_under, nworkers)) self.spawn_if_under = spawn_if_under self.max_zombie_threads_before_die = max_zombie_threads_before_die self.hung_check_period = hung_check_period self.requests_since_last_hung_check = 0 # Used to keep track of what worker is doing what: self.worker_tracker = {} # Used to keep track of the workers not doing anything: self.idle_workers = [] # Used to keep track of threads that have been killed, but maybe aren't dead yet: self.dying_threads = {} # This is used to track when we last had to add idle workers; # we shouldn't cull extra workers until some time has passed # (hung_thread_limit) since workers were added: self._last_added_new_idle_workers = 0 if not daemon: atexit.register(self.shutdown) for i in range(self.nworkers): self.add_worker_thread(message='Initial worker pool') def add_task(self, task): """ Add a task to the queue """ self.logger.debug('Added task (%i tasks queued)', self.queue.qsize()) if self.hung_check_period: self.requests_since_last_hung_check += 1 if self.requests_since_last_hung_check > self.hung_check_period: self.requests_since_last_hung_check = 0 self.kill_hung_threads() if not self.idle_workers and self.spawn_if_under: # spawn_if_under can come into effect... busy = 0 now = time.time() self.logger.debug('No idle workers for task; checking if we need to make more workers') for worker in self.workers: if not hasattr(worker, 'thread_id'): # Not initialized continue time_started, info = self.worker_tracker.get(worker.thread_id, (None, None)) if time_started is not None: if now - time_started < self.hung_thread_limit: busy += 1 if busy < self.spawn_if_under: self.logger.info( 'No idle tasks, and only %s busy tasks; adding %s more ' 'workers', busy, self.spawn_if_under-busy) self._last_added_new_idle_workers = time.time() for i in range(self.spawn_if_under - busy): self.add_worker_thread(message='Response to lack of idle workers') else: self.logger.debug( 'No extra workers needed (%s busy workers)', busy) if (len(self.workers) > self.nworkers and len(self.idle_workers) > 3 and time.time()-self._last_added_new_idle_workers > self.hung_thread_limit): # We've spawned worers in the past, but they aren't needed # anymore; kill off some self.logger.info( 'Culling %s extra workers (%s idle workers present)', len(self.workers)-self.nworkers, len(self.idle_workers)) self.logger.debug( 'Idle workers: %s', self.idle_workers) for i in range(len(self.workers) - self.nworkers): self.queue.put(self.SHUTDOWN) self.queue.put(task) def track_threads(self): """ Return a dict summarizing the threads in the pool (as described in the ThreadPool docstring). """ result = dict(idle=[], busy=[], hung=[], dying=[], zombie=[]) now = time.time() for worker in self.workers: if not hasattr(worker, 'thread_id'): # The worker hasn't fully started up, we should just # ignore it continue time_started, info = self.worker_tracker.get(worker.thread_id, (None, None)) if time_started is not None: if now - time_started > self.hung_thread_limit: result['hung'].append(worker) else: result['busy'].append(worker) else: result['idle'].append(worker) for thread_id, (time_killed, worker) in self.dying_threads.items(): if not self.thread_exists(thread_id): # Cull dying threads that are actually dead and gone self.logger.info('Killed thread %s no longer around', thread_id) try: del self.dying_threads[thread_id] except KeyError: pass continue if now - time_killed > self.dying_limit: result['zombie'].append(worker) else: result['dying'].append(worker) return result def kill_worker(self, thread_id): """ Removes the worker with the given thread_id from the pool, and replaces it with a new worker thread. This should only be done for mis-behaving workers. """ if killthread is None: raise RuntimeError( "Cannot kill worker; killthread/ctypes not available") thread_obj = threading._active.get(thread_id) killthread.async_raise(thread_id, SystemExit) try: del self.worker_tracker[thread_id] except KeyError: pass self.logger.info('Killing thread %s', thread_id) if thread_obj in self.workers: self.workers.remove(thread_obj) self.dying_threads[thread_id] = (time.time(), thread_obj) self.add_worker_thread(message='Replacement for killed thread %s' % thread_id) def thread_exists(self, thread_id): """ Returns true if a thread with this id is still running """ return thread_id in threading._active def add_worker_thread(self, *args, **kwargs): index = self._worker_count.next() worker = threading.Thread(target=self.worker_thread_callback, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, name=("worker %d" % index)) worker.setDaemon(self.daemon) worker.start() def kill_hung_threads(self): """ Tries to kill any hung threads """ if not self.kill_thread_limit: # No killing should occur return now = time.time() max_time = 0 total_time = 0 idle_workers = 0 starting_workers = 0 working_workers = 0 killed_workers = 0 for worker in self.workers: if not hasattr(worker, 'thread_id'): # Not setup yet starting_workers += 1 continue time_started, info = self.worker_tracker.get(worker.thread_id, (None, None)) if time_started is None: # Must be idle idle_workers += 1 continue working_workers += 1 max_time = max(max_time, now-time_started) total_time += now-time_started if now - time_started > self.kill_thread_limit: self.logger.warning( 'Thread %s hung (working on task for %i seconds)', worker.thread_id, now - time_started) try: import pprint info_desc = pprint.pformat(info) except: out = StringIO() traceback.print_exc(file=out) info_desc = 'Error:\n%s' % out.getvalue() self.notify_problem( "Killing worker thread (id=%(thread_id)s) because it has been \n" "working on task for %(time)s seconds (limit is %(limit)s)\n" "Info on task:\n" "%(info)s" % dict(thread_id=worker.thread_id, time=now - time_started, limit=self.kill_thread_limit, info=info_desc)) self.kill_worker(worker.thread_id) killed_workers += 1 if working_workers: ave_time = float(total_time) / working_workers ave_time = '%.2fsec' % ave_time else: ave_time = 'N/A' self.logger.info( "kill_hung_threads status: %s threads (%s working, %s idle, %s starting) " "ave time %s, max time %.2fsec, killed %s workers" % (idle_workers + starting_workers + working_workers, working_workers, idle_workers, starting_workers, ave_time, max_time, killed_workers)) self.check_max_zombies() def check_max_zombies(self): """ Check if we've reached max_zombie_threads_before_die; if so then kill the entire process. """ if not self.max_zombie_threads_before_die: return found = [] now = time.time() for thread_id, (time_killed, worker) in self.dying_threads.items(): if not self.thread_exists(thread_id): # Cull dying threads that are actually dead and gone try: del self.dying_threads[thread_id] except KeyError: pass continue if now - time_killed > self.dying_limit: found.append(thread_id) if found: self.logger.info('Found %s zombie threads', found) if len(found) > self.max_zombie_threads_before_die: self.logger.fatal( 'Exiting process because %s zombie threads is more than %s limit', len(found), self.max_zombie_threads_before_die) self.notify_problem( "Exiting process because %(found)s zombie threads " "(more than limit of %(limit)s)\n" "Bad threads (ids):\n" " %(ids)s\n" % dict(found=len(found), limit=self.max_zombie_threads_before_die, ids="\n ".join(map(str, found))), subject="Process restart (too many zombie threads)") self.shutdown(10) print 'Shutting down', threading.currentThread() raise ServerExit(3) def worker_thread_callback(self, message=None): """ Worker thread should call this method to get and process queued callables. """ thread_obj = threading.currentThread() thread_id = thread_obj.thread_id = thread.get_ident() self.workers.append(thread_obj) self.idle_workers.append(thread_id) requests_processed = 0 add_replacement_worker = False self.logger.debug('Started new worker %s: %s', thread_id, message) try: while True: if self.max_requests and self.max_requests < requests_processed: # Replace this thread then die self.logger.debug('Thread %s processed %i requests (limit %s); stopping thread' % (thread_id, requests_processed, self.max_requests)) add_replacement_worker = True break runnable = self.queue.get() if runnable is ThreadPool.SHUTDOWN: self.logger.debug('Worker %s asked to SHUTDOWN', thread_id) break try: self.idle_workers.remove(thread_id) except ValueError: pass self.worker_tracker[thread_id] = [time.time(), None] requests_processed += 1 try: try: runnable() except: # We are later going to call sys.exc_clear(), # removing all remnants of any exception, so # we should log it now. But ideally no # exception should reach this level print >> sys.stderr, ( 'Unexpected exception in worker %r' % runnable) traceback.print_exc() if thread_id in self.dying_threads: # That last exception was intended to kill me break finally: try: del self.worker_tracker[thread_id] except KeyError: pass sys.exc_clear() self.idle_workers.append(thread_id) finally: try: del self.worker_tracker[thread_id] except KeyError: pass try: self.idle_workers.remove(thread_id) except ValueError: pass try: self.workers.remove(thread_obj) except ValueError: pass try: del self.dying_threads[thread_id] except KeyError: pass if add_replacement_worker: self.add_worker_thread(message='Voluntary replacement for thread %s' % thread_id) def shutdown(self, force_quit_timeout=0): """ Shutdown the queue (after finishing any pending requests). """ self.logger.info('Shutting down threadpool') # Add a shutdown request for every worker for i in range(len(self.workers)): self.queue.put(ThreadPool.SHUTDOWN) # Wait for each thread to terminate hung_workers = [] for worker in self.workers: worker.join(0.5) if worker.isAlive(): hung_workers.append(worker) zombies = [] for thread_id in self.dying_threads: if self.thread_exists(thread_id): zombies.append(thread_id) if hung_workers or zombies: self.logger.info("%s workers didn't stop properly, and %s zombies", len(hung_workers), len(zombies)) if hung_workers: for worker in hung_workers: self.kill_worker(worker.thread_id) self.logger.info('Workers killed forcefully') if force_quit_timeout: hung = [] timed_out = False need_force_quit = bool(zombies) for workers in self.workers: if not timed_out and worker.isAlive(): timed_out = True worker.join(force_quit_timeout) if worker.isAlive(): print "Worker %s won't die" % worker need_force_quit = True if need_force_quit: import atexit # Remove the threading atexit callback for callback in list(atexit._exithandlers): func = getattr(callback[0], 'im_func', None) if not func: continue globs = getattr(func, 'func_globals', {}) mod = globs.get('__name__') if mod == 'threading': atexit._exithandlers.remove(callback) atexit._run_exitfuncs() print 'Forcefully exiting process' os._exit(3) else: self.logger.info('All workers eventually killed') else: self.logger.info('All workers stopped') def notify_problem(self, msg, subject=None, spawn_thread=True): """ Called when there's a substantial problem. msg contains the body of the notification, subject the summary. If spawn_thread is true, then the email will be send in another thread (so this doesn't block). """ if not self.error_email: return if spawn_thread: t = threading.Thread( target=self.notify_problem, args=(msg, subject, False)) t.start() return from_address = 'errors@localhost' if not subject: subject = msg.strip().splitlines()[0] subject = subject[:50] subject = '[http threadpool] %s' % subject headers = [ "To: %s" % self.error_email, "From: %s" % from_address, "Subject: %s" % subject, ] try: system = ' '.join(os.uname()) except: system = '(unknown)' body = ( "An error has occurred in the paste.httpserver.ThreadPool\n" "Error:\n" " %(msg)s\n" "Occurred at: %(time)s\n" "PID: %(pid)s\n" "System: %(system)s\n" "Server .py file: %(file)s\n" % dict(msg=msg, time=time.strftime("%c"), pid=os.getpid(), system=system, file=os.path.abspath(__file__), )) message = '\n'.join(headers) + "\n\n" + body import smtplib server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') error_emails = [ e.strip() for e in self.error_email.split(",") if e.strip()] server.sendmail(from_address, error_emails, message) server.quit() print 'email sent to', error_emails, message class ThreadPoolMixIn(object): """ Mix-in class to process requests from a thread pool """ def __init__(self, nworkers, daemon=False, **threadpool_options): # Create and start the workers self.running = True assert nworkers > 0, "ThreadPoolMixIn servers must have at least one worker" self.thread_pool = ThreadPool( nworkers, "ThreadPoolMixIn HTTP server on %s:%d" % (self.server_name, self.server_port), daemon, **threadpool_options) def process_request(self, request, client_address): """ Queue the request to be processed by on of the thread pool threads """ # This sets the socket to blocking mode (and no timeout) since it # may take the thread pool a little while to get back to it. (This # is the default but since we set a timeout on the parent socket so # that we can trap interrupts we need to restore this,.) request.setblocking(1) # Queue processing of the request self.thread_pool.add_task( lambda: self.process_request_in_thread(request, client_address)) def handle_error(self, request, client_address): exc_class, exc, tb = sys.exc_info() if exc_class is ServerExit: # This is actually a request to stop the server raise return super(ThreadPoolMixIn, self).handle_error(request, client_address) def process_request_in_thread(self, request, client_address): """ The worker thread should call back here to do the rest of the request processing. Error handling normaller done in 'handle_request' must be done here. """ try: self.finish_request(request, client_address) self.close_request(request) except: self.handle_error(request, client_address) self.close_request(request) exc = sys.exc_info()[1] if isinstance(exc, (MemoryError, KeyboardInterrupt)): raise def serve_forever(self): """ Overrides `serve_forever` to shut the threadpool down cleanly. """ try: while self.running: try: self.handle_request() except socket.timeout: # Timeout is expected, gives interrupts a chance to # propogate, just keep handling pass finally: self.thread_pool.shutdown() def server_activate(self): """ Overrides server_activate to set timeout on our listener socket. """ # We set the timeout here so that we can trap interrupts on windows self.socket.settimeout(1) def server_close(self): """ Finish pending requests and shutdown the server. """ self.running = False self.socket.close() self.thread_pool.shutdown(60) class WSGIServerBase(SecureHTTPServer): def __init__(self, wsgi_application, server_address, RequestHandlerClass=None, ssl_context=None, request_queue_size=None): SecureHTTPServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, ssl_context, request_queue_size=request_queue_size) self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application self.wsgi_socket_timeout = None def get_request(self): # If there is a socket_timeout, set it on the accepted (conn,info) = SecureHTTPServer.get_request(self) if self.wsgi_socket_timeout: conn.settimeout(self.wsgi_socket_timeout) return (conn, info) class WSGIServer(ThreadingMixIn, WSGIServerBase): daemon_threads = False class WSGIThreadPoolServer(ThreadPoolMixIn, WSGIServerBase): def __init__(self, wsgi_application, server_address, RequestHandlerClass=None, ssl_context=None, nworkers=10, daemon_threads=False, threadpool_options=None, request_queue_size=None): WSGIServerBase.__init__(self, wsgi_application, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, ssl_context, request_queue_size=request_queue_size) if threadpool_options is None: threadpool_options = {} ThreadPoolMixIn.__init__(self, nworkers, daemon_threads, **threadpool_options) class ServerExit(SystemExit): """ Raised to tell the server to really exit (SystemExit is normally caught) """ def serve(application, host=None, port=None, handler=None, ssl_pem=None, ssl_context=None, server_version=None, protocol_version=None, start_loop=True, daemon_threads=None, socket_timeout=None, use_threadpool=None, threadpool_workers=10, threadpool_options=None, request_queue_size=5): """ Serves your ``application`` over HTTP(S) via WSGI interface ``host`` This is the ipaddress to bind to (or a hostname if your nameserver is properly configured). This defaults to 127.0.0.1, which is not a public interface. ``port`` The port to run on, defaults to 8080 for HTTP, or 4443 for HTTPS. This can be a string or an integer value. ``handler`` This is the HTTP request handler to use, it defaults to ``WSGIHandler`` in this module. ``ssl_pem`` This an optional SSL certificate file (via OpenSSL). You can supply ``*`` and a development-only certificate will be created for you, or you can generate a self-signed test PEM certificate file as follows:: $ openssl genrsa 1024 > host.key $ chmod 400 host.key $ openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 365 \\ -key host.key > host.cert $ cat host.cert host.key > host.pem $ chmod 400 host.pem ``ssl_context`` This an optional SSL context object for the server. A SSL context will be automatically constructed for you if you supply ``ssl_pem``. Supply this to use a context of your own construction. ``server_version`` The version of the server as reported in HTTP response line. This defaults to something like "PasteWSGIServer/0.5". Many servers hide their code-base identity with a name like 'Amnesiac/1.0' ``protocol_version`` This sets the protocol used by the server, by default ``HTTP/1.0``. There is some support for ``HTTP/1.1``, which defaults to nicer keep-alive connections. This server supports ``100 Continue``, but does not yet support HTTP/1.1 Chunked Encoding. Hence, if you use HTTP/1.1, you're somewhat in error since chunked coding is a mandatory requirement of a HTTP/1.1 server. If you specify HTTP/1.1, every response *must* have a ``Content-Length`` and you must be careful not to read past the end of the socket. ``start_loop`` This specifies if the server loop (aka ``server.serve_forever()``) should be called; it defaults to ``True``. ``daemon_threads`` This flag specifies if when your webserver terminates all in-progress client connections should be droppped. It defaults to ``False``. You might want to set this to ``True`` if you are using ``HTTP/1.1`` and don't set a ``socket_timeout``. ``socket_timeout`` This specifies the maximum amount of time that a connection to a given client will be kept open. At this time, it is a rude disconnect, but at a later time it might follow the RFC a bit more closely. ``use_threadpool`` Server requests from a pool of worker threads (``threadpool_workers``) rather than creating a new thread for each request. This can substantially reduce latency since there is a high cost associated with thread creation. ``threadpool_workers`` Number of worker threads to create when ``use_threadpool`` is true. This can be a string or an integer value. ``threadpool_options`` A dictionary of options to be used when instantiating the threadpool. See paste.httpserver.ThreadPool for specific options (``threadpool_workers`` is a specific option that can also go here). ``request_queue_size`` The 'backlog' argument to socket.listen(); specifies the maximum number of queued connections. """ is_ssl = False if ssl_pem or ssl_context: assert SSL, "pyOpenSSL is not installed" is_ssl = True port = int(port or 4443) if not ssl_context: if ssl_pem == '*': ssl_context = _auto_ssl_context() else: ssl_context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD) ssl_context.use_privatekey_file(ssl_pem) ssl_context.use_certificate_chain_file(ssl_pem) host = host or '127.0.0.1' if port is None: if ':' in host: host, port = host.split(':', 1) else: port = 8080 server_address = (host, int(port)) if not handler: handler = WSGIHandler if server_version: handler.server_version = server_version handler.sys_version = None if protocol_version: assert protocol_version in ('HTTP/0.9', 'HTTP/1.0', 'HTTP/1.1') handler.protocol_version = protocol_version if use_threadpool is None: use_threadpool = True if converters.asbool(use_threadpool): server = WSGIThreadPoolServer(application, server_address, handler, ssl_context, int(threadpool_workers), daemon_threads, threadpool_options=threadpool_options, request_queue_size=request_queue_size) else: server = WSGIServer(application, server_address, handler, ssl_context, request_queue_size=request_queue_size) if daemon_threads: server.daemon_threads = daemon_threads if socket_timeout: server.wsgi_socket_timeout = int(socket_timeout) if converters.asbool(start_loop): protocol = is_ssl and 'https' or 'http' host, port = server.server_address[:2] if host == '0.0.0.0': print 'serving on 0.0.0.0:%s view at %s://127.0.0.1:%s' % \ (port, protocol, port) else: print "serving on %s://%s:%s" % (protocol, host, port) try: server.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: # allow CTRL+C to shutdown pass return server # For paste.deploy server instantiation (egg:Paste#http) # Note: this gets a separate function because it has to expect string # arguments (though that's not much of an issue yet, ever?) def server_runner(wsgi_app, global_conf, **kwargs): from paste.deploy.converters import asbool for name in ['port', 'socket_timeout', 'threadpool_workers', 'threadpool_hung_thread_limit', 'threadpool_kill_thread_limit', 'threadpool_dying_limit', 'threadpool_spawn_if_under', 'threadpool_max_zombie_threads_before_die', 'threadpool_hung_check_period', 'threadpool_max_requests', 'request_queue_size']: if name in kwargs: kwargs[name] = int(kwargs[name]) for name in ['use_threadpool', 'daemon_threads']: if name in kwargs: kwargs[name] = asbool(kwargs[name]) threadpool_options = {} for name, value in kwargs.items(): if name.startswith('threadpool_') and name != 'threadpool_workers': threadpool_options[name[len('threadpool_'):]] = value del kwargs[name] if ('error_email' not in threadpool_options and 'error_email' in global_conf): threadpool_options['error_email'] = global_conf['error_email'] kwargs['threadpool_options'] = threadpool_options serve(wsgi_app, **kwargs) server_runner.__doc__ = (serve.__doc__ or '') + """ You can also set these threadpool options: ``threadpool_max_requests``: The maximum number of requests a worker thread will process before dying (and replacing itself with a new worker thread). Default 100. ``threadpool_hung_thread_limit``: The number of seconds a thread can work on a task before it is considered hung (stuck). Default 30 seconds. ``threadpool_kill_thread_limit``: The number of seconds a thread can work before you should kill it (assuming it will never finish). Default 600 seconds (10 minutes). ``threadpool_dying_limit``: The length of time after killing a thread that it should actually disappear. If it lives longer than this, it is considered a "zombie". Note that even in easy situations killing a thread can be very slow. Default 300 seconds (5 minutes). ``threadpool_spawn_if_under``: If there are no idle threads and a request comes in, and there are less than this number of *busy* threads, then add workers to the pool. Busy threads are threads that have taken less than ``threadpool_hung_thread_limit`` seconds so far. So if you get *lots* of requests but they complete in a reasonable amount of time, the requests will simply queue up (adding more threads probably wouldn't speed them up). But if you have lots of hung threads and one more request comes in, this will add workers to handle it. Default 5. ``threadpool_max_zombie_threads_before_die``: If there are more zombies than this, just kill the process. This is only good if you have a monitor that will automatically restart the server. This can clean up the mess. Default 0 (disabled). `threadpool_hung_check_period``: Every X requests, check for hung threads that need to be killed, or for zombie threads that should cause a restart. Default 100 requests. ``threadpool_logger``: Logging messages will go the logger named here. ``threadpool_error_email`` (or global ``error_email`` setting): When threads are killed or the process restarted, this email address will be contacted (using an SMTP server on localhost). """ if __name__ == '__main__': from paste.wsgilib import dump_environ #serve(dump_environ, ssl_pem="test.pem") serve(dump_environ, server_version="Wombles/1.0", protocol_version="HTTP/1.1", port="8888")
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